Blood test norms
Reference ranges for the most common blood tests and what they usually mean. Lab ranges can differ slightly — your doctor always has the final word.
Metabolic
Glucose (fasting)
4.1–5.9 mmol/L
Blood sugar. High fasting values can point toward prediabetes or diabetes.
HbA1c
4.0–5.6 %
Average blood sugar over ~3 months — a better long-term picture than a single glucose test.
Cholesterol & blood fats
Total cholesterol
up to 5.2 mmol/L
Overall cholesterol. Interpret together with LDL, HDL and triglycerides.
LDL cholesterol
up to 3.0 mmol/L
The 'bad' cholesterol — the main lipid driver of cardiovascular risk.
HDL cholesterol
from 1.0 mmol/L
The 'good' cholesterol. Higher is generally better; exercise raises it.
Triglycerides
up to 1.7 mmol/L
Blood fats. Raised by excess calories, sugar and alcohol; lowered by activity and weight loss.
Blood cells
Hemoglobin
Men: 130–170 g/L
Women: 120–150 g/L
Oxygen-carrying protein. Low values mean anemia and poor endurance.
Hematocrit
Men: 40–52 %
Women: 36–46 %
Share of red cells in blood. High values thicken the blood.
Liver
ALT
7–45 U/L
Liver enzyme. Elevated values can reflect liver stress from weight, alcohol or medications.
AST
8–40 U/L
Liver/muscle enzyme. Hard training can raise it temporarily.
Kidneys
Creatinine
Men: 59–104 µmol/L
Women: 45–84 µmol/L
Kidney marker. Muscular people and creatine users often run slightly higher — trend matters.
eGFR
from 60 mL/min/1.73m²
Estimated kidney filtration rate. Below 60 deserves a doctor's attention.
Hormones
TSH
0.4–4.0 mIU/L
Thyroid signal hormone. Off-range values affect energy, weight and mood.
Testosterone (total)
Men: 8.6–29.0 nmol/L
Women: 0.3–1.7 nmol/L
Main male sex hormone; affects muscle, energy and mood. Best measured in the morning.
Vitamins & iron
Vitamin D (25-OH)
50–250 nmol/L
Very commonly low in Lithuania, especially in winter. 75+ is a good target.
Ferritin
Men: 30–400 µg/L
Women: 15–150 µg/L
Iron stores. Low ferritin is a common cause of fatigue, especially in women.
Vitamin B12
145–569 pmol/L
Important for nerves and blood. Often low on plant-based diets.
Inflammation
CRP
up to 5 mg/L
Inflammation marker. Temporarily rises with infections and very hard training.
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This content is general information about health, not medical advice. For health concerns, consult a professional.